The various land revenue policies introduced by British Jenny Lalthangkungi, 1301BA 131

 Land revenue was introduced by the British in India. The main burden of providing money for the trade and profits of the Company. The cost of administration and the wars of British expansion in India had to be borne by the Indian peasant or ryot. Infact, the British could not have conquered such a vast country as India if they had not taxed the peasant heavily. It had done indirectly through intermediaries, such as zamindars, revenue farmers etc, who collected the land revenue from the cultivator and kept a part of its as their commission

The Permanent Settlement:Warren:Hasting auctioned the right to collect revenue to the higestbidders.But his experiment did not succeed. Though the amount of land revenue was pushed high by zamindars and other speculators bidding against each other. The actual collection varied from year to year and seldom came up to official expectation. Moreover, neither the ryot nor the zamindar would do anything to improve cultivators when they did not know what the net year assessment would be on who would be the next years revenue collectors.

 It was at this stage that the idea first emerged of fixing the land revenue at a permanent amount. The zamindars were to give 10/11 of the rental they derived from the peasantry to the state keeping only 1/11 for themselves.At the same time, the zamindar had to pay his revenue rigidly on the due date even if the crops had failed for some reason;otherwise his lands were to be sold.

The Ryotwari Settlement: Under this system the cultivators was to be reorganized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue. The ryot’s right of ownership of his land were also negated by the factors, i.e, the ryot had to pay revenue even when his produce was partially or wholly destroyed by drought or floods.

The Mahalwari System: A modified version of the zamindari settlement introduced in the Ganga Valley,the North-West provinces,part of Central India and the Punjab was known as the Mahalwari system.

British ho hian India ah hian land revenue an lo siam a. Hei hi an lo siamnachhanchu British ho in indonalehinenkawlna a an phurritvel India ramathingtlang mite leh loneitute chawitir an duh vangani. Anihnatakahchuan India anga ram zau hi British tan chuanchhiahrittakhnuaiaankaihhruailohchuan an awpthathei dawn lo ani. He land revenue hi zamindarte, loneimite leh midangtehnenah an khawn thin a ,bakah a then an commission thin a ni.

The Permanent Settlement:

Land revenue a an pawisa pek thin hi zamindarste hian an tisang thin a, an thilkhawnte hi kumtin a danglam thin bawk. Engpawhchunise, lomitelehzamindarstehianloneitutehmasawn nan engkim anti theia,mahse a kumleh a chhiahturemawchhiahkhawnttuturengmah an hrengai lo ani.

Hetiangdinhmunatanghianngaihdanthar a rawnluta,chuchu a nghet a chhiahbitukani. Zamindars ho hian 10/11 thingtlang mite hnena an hmuh thin hi an thehlut thin turania,tichuan 1/11 chauhchuanmahni tan an dah turani. Hemi rualhianbuhemawthlaitechuengthilvangpawhin lo chhe ta se, zamindars ho chuanchhiahchua huntakahzel an pek a ngai thin a; an pektheihlohchuan an ram chuhralhturani.

The Ryotwari System:

He system ah hi chuanloneimitechu an ram bialzimte a thuneitu an nia,chhiahpawh an chawi a ngaivethoani. A ram in a thawhchhuahchukhawkhengemawtuilian pawn lo tichhemahse lei man chu a pektho a ngai a ni.

The Mahalwari System:

Ganga valley,North-West leh Central India a zamindari settlement tihdan dang an hman hi mahalwari system ani. Chhiahkhawndanturchuthingtlang mi te maw landlord ten a ansiamtur a ni.