China a ram dang te’n chanvo tha neih tum a an beihna

- Joseph Lalthlamuana, 

 Roll No.1501BA136

VI Semester B.A (History)
Department of History,
Pachhunga University College 

             Opium Indona (1839 - 1860) a China hneh a nih khan inremna intluktlang lo tak tak khawthlang ramte khan an siampui a. Khawthlang ramte khan China kha rawn awp tawplo mah se an nawrna leh sumdawnna kawng a iremna intluklo tak tak an siampuina atang khan China khan a tuar nasa em em a, zawi zawi in China ram chhung a hmun hrang hrang te kha an rawn enkawl/hawh ta ani.Ram dangte’n khan an ram bung hrang hawhte kha ‘concession’ tia kan hriat chu a ni.

                Kum zabi 19-na tawp lam atang khan China dinhmun kha a inthlak nasa em em a. Kum 1884-1885 ah khan France khan China kha a hneh a, Indochina, China leh ram dang irina hmun pakhat kha a luah ta a ni. Kum 1894-1895 a China leh Japan an indo khan Japa in China a hneh a, ram bung hrang hrang kha a nei ta a , chung zingah chuan Formosa te , a bul hnai a mi Pescadore te , Korea te leh Manchuri khawthlang lama Liaotung hmun te an tel a ni.

                Japan in China a hnehna khan khawthlang ramte kha China a an hmun luah duhte venghim turin a nawr ta a.France leh Germany leh Russia ram te tangkawp khan Japan in China a hmun a luah zel tur kha an dang ta. Chumi venhimna rulhletna’n chuan Russia chuan China hnen atangin lawmman a ngen ta a, Trans-Siberian relkawng sak mek pawh kha Manchuria panna atan a hmang bawk a ni. He relkawng, Chinese Eastern Railway, hi Russia in Manchuria panna atan a hman ber a ni bawk ani.

               German puithiam pahnih China a Shandong bial a  kum 1897 a thah an nih khan Germany khan zangnadawmna a ngiat a, chumi hnu atang chuan  ram dangte’n China a ram luah emaw hawh an tumna kha a nasa zual a ni. Germany in China hnen atanga a ngiatte chu Jiaozhou leh Shandong bial a Qingdao hmunte kum 99 chhung luah hawh te ani. Chumi hnu lawkah Russia pawhin China chhim lam a Liaodong kum 25 chhung luah hawh a rawn ngiat ve a, chubakah Lushun (Port Arthur) kha sipai hmunpui a tan a rawn hmang a, tin, Dalian kha sumdawnna hmun atan a rawn hmang bawk a ni.

                Chutihlai vel chuan France ramin China chhim lam a awm  Yunnan ram leh Guangxi leh Guangdong bialte  chu ram dang mite pelo turin Ching roreltute inremna a siampui ve bawk a, tin Vietnam panna relkawng sak theihna te leh Guangxi bial chhung a Guangzhouwan hmun hawh theih na nei turin China kha inremna a rawn siampui ve bawk ani. Tin, China a dakin (postal service) siam a nih hunah France tanpuina dil thei turin inremna siam a ni bawk ani.

                 Britain ram paw’n Guandong bial te, Hong Kong leh Kowloon hmun te hawh turin China kha a rawn dawr ve bawk a, tin, Yangzi phairam hmun a bial hrang hrang awm te kha ram dang te pelo turin China kha inremna a rawn siampui ve bawk a ni. Shandong hmar lama Weihaiwei hmun kha  kum 25 chhung  a enkawl hawh bawk a ni.

                  Ram dang zawng zawng zingah khan Italy chiah kha China a ram hawh tum, mah se hlawhtlinglo awmchhun a ni. United States kha khatih lai khan Spain nen a kum 1898 a an indo avangin China kha a buaipui ve hmanlo a, mahse sumdawnna kawngah  thil hrang hrangah  dinhmun intluktlang theuh ram dang China rawn luttute’n an neih heih nan ‘Open Door Policy’ a rawn duang a, nimahsela a hlawhtling ta chuanglo ani

                  Ching lalte kha ram dang nawrna do let tur khan an chak tawk lo a,nawrna leh ngenna uchuak lutuk te kha chu a siam danglam thei tawk a ni. Buaina a nasat chhoh zel avang khan China sawrkar leh mi lehkhathiamte khan a tawpah ni za chhung insiamthatna “Hundred Days’ Reform’ an tih kha an rawn kalpui  ta a ni.