How were the Indian textiles industries affected by the industrial revolution in Britain? Brenda Lalmuanpuii Varte Roll.no 1301 BA 139

An important development in the second half of the 19th century was the establishment of large-scale machine-based industries in India. The machine age in India began when cotton textile,jute and coal-mining industries were started in the 1850's. The first textile Mill was started in Bombay by Cowasjee Nanabhoy  in 1853, and the first jute Mill in Rishra(Bengal) in 1855. Most of the modern Indian industries were owned or controlled by British capital. Foreign capitalists were attracted to Indian industry by the prospect of high profit.

The industrial revolution began with the birth of textile manufacturing in England. Since India was under the imperial control of Britain, Indian farmers were forced to grow cotton to fuel the English factories. Since the Indian farmers were forced to grow cotton as well as other cash crops vital to British interest (opium, rice,wheat, and indigo) instead of food for domestic consumption the country was gripped by numerous extremely deadly famine from 1770 to 1900. 

Foreign capital easily overwhelmed Indian capital in many of the industries. Only in the cotton textile industry did Indians have a large share from the beginning in the 1930's, the sugar industry was developed by Indians. In many cases even Indian-owed companies were controlled by foreign-owned or controlled managing agencies. Indians also found it difficult to get credit  from banks most of which were dominated by British financiers. Even when they could get loans they had to pay more interest rates when foreigners could borrow on much easier terms.

However, after the industrial revolution the table was turned as the textile imports to Britain were hurdled by stringent tariffs and other protectionist policies. Even though the imposed tariffs frustrated the Indian textile market, the superiority of the Indian calicoes remained unrivaled and people still imported it.

Another serious weakness if Indian industrial effort was the almost complete absence of heavy or capital goods industries, without which there can be no big plants to produce iron and steel, produced only in 1913. On the whole, industries progress in India was exceedingly slow and painful. It was mostly confined to cotton and jute industries and tea plantations in the 19th century, and to sugar and cement in the 1930s.
Also, India's colonial masters imposed laws that the dictated to the farmers which crops exactly to cultivate and how much crops to cultivate. This led to a situation where no food crops were cultivated because all lands were dedicated to production of raw materials for the British industries. The end result was famine and poverty. Therefore, industrial revolution turned Indians into a source of raw materials for British industries as well as a market for its finished products. The Indian economy also dwindled because its industrialization process was slowed down. Poverty and starvation also become common.

In Mizo

Large-scale machine-based industries din hi second half 19th century a thil poimawh tak a ni a. Machine age intanna chu cotton textile, jute leh coal-mining industries te intan a nih kum 1850 vel kha a ni. Textile mill hmasa Ber cu Bombay ah Cowasjee Nanabhoy an kum 1853 khan a din a no. Modern industries zawng zawng deuh tho kha British capital hnuai a awm a no. Foreign capitalists kha Indian industry khan a hip nasa hle a a chanchu a ram lan Dan atang khan a hlep a tam dawn vang a no.
Textile manufacturing England a a pian tirh khan industrial revolution hi a in tan a ni. India Khan Britain khuahkhirhna hnuaiah awm in, Indian kuthnathawkte chu cotton ching luih tir an in a, English ho hlawkna turin. Indian kuthnathawkte tih luih na vanga cotton lh sum leh pai a chantir theih thlai an chin tir atang khan India ram cu nghet taka hremna tamtak leh 1770- 1900 chungin  tam nasa tak a tla hial a ni.

Foreign capital chuan awlsam takin Indian capital chu an chimbuak ta a. Cotton textile ah chiah hian Indian ho chuan share tam tham an nei thei a, atir atang lh kum 1930 khan. Sugar industry hi Indian ho tih thang a ni. Kawng tamtakin Indian ho company pawh chu foreign ho khuahkhirhna hnuaiah a awm a. Indian ho chuan credit bank atanga neih te chu a harsa em em a achhancu bank tam zawk chu British ho awpna hnuaia awm a nih vang a ni. Loan an lak ve pawh in a pung tamtak an rulh a ngai bik thin a, chuta karah foreigners in an duh duh zat an pukin hun tam zok chung rulhna hun an neih theih laiin Indian ho tan chuan loan lak te chu a harsa hle a ni.

Amaherawhchu, industrial revolution zohah chuan an kaldan chu thlakin textile chu British ramah lakluh tir chu zawrhsum leh bungrua chhiah chu uluk leh zual in tih a ni. An chhiah te chuan Indian textile market te chu ti hrilhhai viau mahse Indian ho thuneihna chu a tlem em avangin mipui te chuan an thil thar te chu an pek chhuah a la ngai tho a no. Indian industrial chaklohna dang leh chu industry tha lh changtlung sakna tur an neih loh mai bakah rang tak leh mimal taka engmah an tih theih loh hi a ni. India hian iron leh steel siam chhuahna leh khawl siam na tur an nei lo a ni. Kum 1913 ah chauh khan a hmasa ber a tan India chuan steel hi a siam ve chain a ni. A tawi xongin, India hi industrial progress ah hian a hnufual takzet a ni. 19th century kha cotton, jute leh tea plantations industry te chu an huang chhungah dah thei tep in chutiang bokin sugar leh cement te pawh kum 1930 khan an ri chin tep a ni.

India's colonial ten dan siamin kuthnathawktute chu an thil chin leh a chin tur zat thlengin thu an nei a. Hei hian nasa takin nghawng a nei a, thlai leh buh lamah harsatna an tawk nasa hle  a, a chan pawh British industry hmanrua siamna tur lam hlir an chin tir vang a ni. A tawp ah chuan tam nasa tak an tawrh phah reng a ni. Chuvangchuan industrial revolution chuan Indian ho chu British industry hmanro siamna hmun pakhatah a herchhuah tir mai bakah an thil siam chhuah tih ralna hmunah a siam a ni. Indian economy kiam chhan chu an industrialization process muang luat vang a ni. Retheihna, tlakchhamna te chu an tan chuan thil thar a ni lo.