Karl marx was born in 1818 in Trier in Germany,the son of a lawyer.He studied law and jurisprudence at the University of Berlin,but took a keen interest in History and Philosophy also.Leaving university in 1841,he became a severe critic of the economic and political order of the day and soon had to leave the land of his birth to France,then to Belgium,and finally to England.He published numerous books during his lifetime,the most notable being ‘The Communist Manifesto{1848}’ and ‘Das Capital{18 7-1894}’.
The view of life and of history developed by Marx and Engel-indeed,what makes Marxism a unified,compelling and dynamic doctrine-is the philosophy of dialectical materialism.Dialectical materialism seeks the essence of the historical process in the changing material conditions of human life.
In the Holy Family,Marx and Engels had written that “history is nothing but the activity of man pursuing his aims”.The forces and relations of economic production determine the kind of religion,philosophies,governments,laws and moral rules men accept.This means that the basic causative factor in history is at all times the economic factor.
History is human society in dialectical motion.The dialectical motion is caused by the antagonistic interest of economic classes created by the prevailing mode of production.
In Das Capital Marx stated that the primary reason for the antagonism between labor and capital is that the capitalists are able to appropriate the surplus value created by labor and which,therefore,ought to go to labor.Marx declared labor to be to be the source of all wealth and the only source of value.
History is said to have been Marx’s weakest subject at the Trier High School.The German Historian Treitschke wrote that Marx “completely lacked a scholar’s conscience” and knew what he wanted to prove before the research started,an observation A.J.P. Taylor echoes when he said that “Marx…..decided beforehand what he wanted to discover……”.
Marx held that it was possible to establish laws of social enumerates Marx’s predictions that have not been borne out by facts.The proletariat did not grow progressively poorer-what Marx saw in the 184Os was only the early stage of industrial development.The contradictions within capitalism were overcome time after time.
A.J.P. Taylor has written that because of the Communist Manifesto,”everyone thinks differently about politics and society,when he thinks at all”.The Marx-Engels scheme had in fact combined a critique of capitalism with a general theory of historical development.
IMPACT OF MARXISM IN MIZO:
Karl Marx hi ukil fapa niin kum 1818 May ningaah Trier khua,Germanyah alo pianga.Berlin Universityah danlam azira,mahse history leh Philosophyah atui em em thung a ni. Kum 1841ah University achawlhsana,an ram ei leh bar dinhmun leh an ram inrelbawl dan chu nasa taka sawiselin apianna ram chhuahsanin Franceah apema, chumi hnuah Belgiumah pem lehin, atawpah Englandah a inbengbel ta a ni.A damlai hian lehkhabu tamtak ziakin, chungzinga chhinchhiahtlak tak tak te chu ‘Communist Manifesto[1848] leh Das Capital[18 7 to 1894]’ a ni.
Marx leh Engels-a khawvel thlirdan leh history tihmasawna, Marxism tipumkhattu, andoctrine tichak em em tu chu ‘Dialectical Materialism’ hi a ni. Dialectical Materialism sawifiah tum ber chu tisa thil a mihring nundan phung lo danglam zelna hian history thil ati hmasawn a ni. ‘The Holy Family’ bu a Engels leh Marx-a ziah dan chuan ‘mihringin athil nih tum emaw athil tih tum azawnna dan hi history chu a ni’ anlo ti a ni. Tharum hmangin emaw inlaichinna tha tak hmanga kan ei leh bar dan hian kan sakhuanate, kan finnate, sawrkar kalphungte, leh kan dan leh dunte hi anghawng vek a ni. Hemi awmzia chu kan ei leh bar hi historya thil engemaw thlena awmtir bertu a ni.
Society khata tawng emaw chindan bik kan neih hi history a ni a. He chindan bik kan neihna chhan ber chu ei leh bara kan duhdan inanlohna vang a kan innghirnghona atanga lo chhuak a ni. ‘Das Capital’ a Marx-a sawi dan chuan hlawhfate leh achhawrtute inremlohna lian ber chu hlawhchuang bang hlawhfatena ansiam leh anmahni hnena kal tur niawm tak capitalist ho-in an pumbilh vek thin chu a ni. Marx-a sawidan chuan hausakna zawng zawng leh ahlutna bul ber chu hlawhfate hi an ni ati a.
History subject hi Marx-a Trier High School akal laia asubject tihchhiat ber ani tiin anlo sawi thin a. German Historian Treitschke ziah dan chuan ‘Marxa hian scholarin ahriattur niawma ngaih engmah ahrelova, research atih hmain enge afinfiahtur tih aruahman lawk vek thin’ ati bawk a ni. Marx-a ngaihdan chuan khawtlang hmasawn nan dan siam hi a siam theihin, chumi atang chuan khawtlang inthlakdanglamna asawi lawk a, Marxian dialect reng reng hi thil hrilhlawk atamin, thil thleng tawh leh thleng theiah a innghat nasa em em a ni. Chutihmeklaiin John Whittam-a chuan sawiselin Marx-a thil sawilawk reng reng hi asuangtuahna atang chauhva piang a ni ati ve thung a ni. MI hnuaihnungho hi anrethei reng kher lova, Marx-a hi chuan 184O’s chhova industry hmasawn chholai chiah ahmu a ni ati bawk a ni.AJP Taylor sawi dan chuan ‘The Communist Manifesto’ atlangzarh atang khan mi reng rengin society leh politics hi thil hrang hlak angin an ngai a,Marxa ngei pawn apawmdan ang chiahin. Marx leh Engelsan an sawisel ber chu Capitalism theory hi a ni a, an rindan chuan mitin intluktlang a, nei bik leh neilo bik awm chuang lova inlungrualtaka society hi siam theihin anring a ni.
REFERENCES: Sreedharan E,”A Textbook of Historiography 5OO BC to AD 2OOO,Orient Blackswan Private Limited,2OO4
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