History a thil thleng tawh ah chuan
Greek hnam tawng lo irhchhuahna, hmanlai Mycenian ho hunlai atang tawh , kum
sangbi sawm pathumna BCE hunlai atang tawh ani a. Greek ho chuan an Pathian tih
lawmna leh tih lungawi nana ziah te hmuh an awm a mahse mi tam tak, mipui
thenkhat erawh chuan Greek ho in ziah chhuah tanna chu an hman chhin dan leh an
hun bi te atanga ngaihtuah ani a. Greeks ho chuan thawnthu tam tak khawvel
kalphung awm dan an ziak a, emaw Greece ho in anih dan tur.
Hnah leh lung hmang a
ker ten thil an ziak thin a, a ziahna tur atan hnah ah hman ani a. Hmanlai
Greeks ho chuan thil hlui an chhinchhiah a, tichuan Greece tawnga ziah ani. An
tawng dan kalhmang tehi hmanlai Phoenicians ho in kum 700 BC ami tawh an lak
chhawn ani.
Thucyain (460 BC – 455
BC) mi ropui tak history lama mi hming chher em em tu chuan Peloponnesian
indopui atanga Athenian soldier ho
chanchin tamtak a ziak a.
Herodutus of Halicaman
(pian kum 484 BC) chu history a pa pui ber ti a kauh ani a. A chhan pawh Persian
indopui leh Athens a indopui leh Sparta chanchin ho kha a ziak ani. Lydian
Kingdom (Western Turkey) ho tlakchhiatna tepawh a ziak tel bawk ani.
Hmanlai
thil ziah ho an hmuhchhuah ho te lo thliar thla tai la.
Linear B:-
Myanacean
civilization (Kum 1200 BCE bawr vel) an tlakchhiat hnu chuan, thil ziah
chhinchhiah te chu Greece atangin an thamral ta vek a. Kum sangbi kuana leh
riatna huna thil ziah ho chu Phoenian syllabary script ho chu an hmang tana,
thil hlui zawng zawng ziah chhuahna he thil hi hmuhchhuah ani a,kum zabi
pariatna atang tawh atang khan.
Classical Period :-
Classical emaw Hellenic
hunlai ah chuan, Athens, Attics leh lonic te chu an hmuhchhuah ani a.
The Hellenistic Koine
:-
‘Hellenistic
Greek’ leh ‘Koine Greek’ tawng te hi he hunlai hian an hman nasat ber ani a.
Kristian ho pawh chuan ‘Biblical Greek’ tih leh ‘New Testament Greek’ te an zir
ber ani a.
Alexander the Great (336
– 323 BCE) a hnuah chuan Greek tawng dan kal phung chu thlak ani a. Alexander-a
chuan Attic – Ionic tawng chu a chhawm nung zel a,Near East thleng he tawng hi
an chhawm phei a, he tawngkam leh puitling hi sawrkar leh sumdawngna ah te an
hmang nasa a, tawng dang nen an in pawlh nuai nachungin greek tawng chu tawng
hnuhnung zawk a hman ani a, mi nawlpuiin an hmang a, Hellenistic Koine emaw
tawng nawlpui an hmang a, an sawi zui bawk a. He tawngkam hi Attic – Lonic
synthesis nena in thlunzawm nan an hmang ta ani.
Hellenistic Koine chuan
thil in thlak thleng tam tak a awm a, an ziah dan leh tawng dan tepawh a dang
nuai a, heng tawng hi tunlai tawng nen an thlunzawm ta ani. He thil thlak thleng
hi Alexander hun atang tawh kum 300 BC – 300 CE atangin an thlakthleng tawh
ani. Histories of Polybius, Discoveries of Epictetus, leh Christian New
Testament te hi Koine tawng tan thil tangkai tak an ni.
Atticism :-
Hellenistic hun atang
tawh in Koine hi mi tam takin an hel in an duhlo em em a. Atticism hum rawn
irhchhuahna ani a, hetiang tawng tehi kum sangbi thar ah hlangkai ni in thil
tangkai tak an ni ani.
Hallenic, Hellenistic,
Byzantine :-
Heng tawng a ziah
pathumte hi Greek tawng thil thleng te an ni a. Hallenic, Hellenistic,
Byzantine.
‘Hallenic’ hi ‘Clssical
Greek’ tia sawi ve tho ani. Homer te, leh Greek Philosopher, socreates, plato leh Aristotle te ho hunlai a
ziah an ni.
‘Hellenistic’ chu
Alexander huna Greek language vawrh chhuah an ni a, Mediteranean sea leh hmun
dangah kum 300 BC hun tih vela hman an ni a, he hun hi Christian ho lo chhuah hma
thleng a lo awm te an ni a, tichuan kum zabi thumna ah CE ah khan a zo leh a.
‘Byzantine’ chu
Byzantian (a hnu ah constantinople) chu hnam leh kohran leh ramchhung in
relbawlna tana thil pawimawh tak an ni a, Roman Empire hun vel ami ani.
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ReplyDeleteAnita Chawla, Nashik