Chinese historiography refers to the study of
methods and assumptions made in studying Chinese History. From the earliest
times, the Chinese have shown a marked inclination to Historical writing. The
nature of Historical works also represent wide ranging interests. Many works
have been written by the Chinese on different aspects of Government machinery,
monasteries etc.
The first systematic Chinese historical text, the 'Records of the Grand
Historian' was written by Sima Qian and his father. The book covers the period
from the time of the Yellow Emperor untill the author's own life. Due to his highly
praised and highly copied work, Sima Qian is often regarded as the father of
Chinese Historiography. The Shitong was the first Chinese work about historiography.
It was compiled by Liu Zhiji between 708 and 710 CE. The book describes the
general pattern of the official dynastic histories with regard to the
structure, method, arrangement, sequence, caption and commentary back to the Warring
Stage era.
The Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government was a pioneering reference
work in Chineae historiography. Emperor Yingzong ordered Sima Guang and other
scholars to begin compiling this universal history of China in 1065, and they
presented it to his successor Shenzong in 1084. It contains 294 volumes and about
3 million characters.
K.S. Latourette in his book, "The Chinese, their history and
culture" compares the Chinese with the Hindus and says 'In a mark contrast
with the peoples of India the Chinese have been historical minded'.
Li-chi, The Book of Rites : In this
book, the historians' views of the past are expressed in the most exalted
terms. It contains many essays. This work was compiled during the Han dynasty
(202 B.C- 220 A.D). The ideal of a social order wherein people lived in 'Grand
Unity' is described in many lucid passages.
Ssu-ma-Chien : In the reign of Wu-ti,
Ssu-ma-Chien the greatest among the Chinese historians wrote his great history
called the 'Shih-Chi' which means 'historical records'. The Shih-Chi covers the
history of China from the beginning of Ssu-ma-Chien's own day. It includes not
only significant political events but gives the biographies of important
persons; chronological tables of battles, economic data, calendar etc.
The Tso-Chuan : It is another kind of
history. It is in the form of a chronicle and events are listed year by year.
The most reputed among such chronicle was the "Tyu-Chih-tung-chien"
by Ssu-ma-Kuang (1019- 1086). This work illustrates the historical minededness
of the Sung dynasty in a remarkable way. It covered the period from the 5th
century B.C. to the close of the five dynasties.
Tung-Chien-Chishipenna
: Yuan-Chu prepared a history called 'Tung-Chien-Chishipenna'
which means 'root causes and effects of affairs recorded in the universal
mirror'. There are many special histories on different aspects af Chinese life.
The Chinese have produced a large volume of local histories and gazetteers.
They are very descriptive in nature. China has a large volume of inscriptions.
These have been compiled and studied.
The modern historical tradition of China is influenced by communist
ideology. Economic analysis, conditions of the peasants, toilers and workers,
the living conditions of the masses, have all been assiduously unearthed under
the new inspiration. In this way the Chinese have done a wonderful thing in the
study of historiography.
Chinese Historiography in Mizo
Chinese Historiography awmzia chu ngaihruatna
leh kalphung awmze neia Chinese history zirna a ni. Hun hmasa lamah chuan,
Chinese ho chuan historical writing sukthek zawngte an pholang a. Historical
works kalphung chuan mite hnenah nasa takin tuina a pe a. Work tamtak ziaktu,
Chinese ho chuan sawrkar hnathawh dan kalphung leh puithiam ho khawsak dan leh
kaldan an tarlang bawk.
Chinese history awmze nei taka ziahna hmasa ber chu 'Records of the
Grand historian' tih Sima Qian leh a pa ziah a ni. He lehkhabu hian a huam chin
chu Yellow Emperor hunlai ațanga Qian leh a pa damchhung hun thleng a huam. He
an hnathawk țha tak avang hian Chinese history ziahnaa an puipa berah an ngai
hial a ni.
'Comprehensive mirror to aid in Goveenment' tih lehkhabu hi Chinese
history hrang hrang ziahnaa sulsutu ber a ni. Emperor Yingzong chuan Sima Guang
hnenah leh mithiam dangte hnenah chuan China history pumpui chanchin lawrkhawm
turin kum 1065 khan a ngen a, Yingzong thlaktu Shenzong hnenah chuan an thu lak
khawmte chu kum 1084 khan an hlan a. He an lehkha ziahah hian Volume 294 leh
Maktaduai 3 thawnthu kawh bik nei a awm a ni.
K.S.Latourette lehkhabu ziah 'Chinese leh a history leh a Culture' tih
bu ah chuan Chinese leh Hindu a khaikhin a India mite ang bawkin Chinese ho
chuan thil hlui ngaihsakna an nei nasa ve hle a ni.
Li-Chi, Book of Rites : He lehkhabu ah
hian historian ten thil kaltawh an ngaihdan an ziahna a ni deuh bera. He
lehkhabu ah hian essay a tam hle a, heng thuziak te hi Han dynasty (202 B.C-
220 A.D) hunlaia lawrkhawm an ni. Heng hunlaia mite hi an khawtlang nunah inpumkhatna
țhatak an neihzia he thuziak hian a tarlang chiang hle.
Ssu-ma-Chien : Wu-ti lal lai khan Ssu-ma-Chien,
chinese historian ropui tak chuan 'Shih Chi' tiah a ziak a, a awmzia chu thil
hlui vawnțhat a ni. 'Shih Chi' lehkhabu hian Ssu-ma-Chien hunlai a huam.
Politics lam thil chauh nilovin mi pawimawhte chanchin te, indona chi hrang
hrang kum indawta dah te, ram dinhmun leh calendar chanchin te pawh a tel a ni.
Tso-Chuan : He
lehkhabu ah hian hun lokal zela thil lo thleng chhinchhiahna te leh hunbikte, a
kum te tea chhinchhiahna a awm a. A langsar ber chu 'Tyu-chih-tung-chien',
Ssu-ma-kuang (1019- 1086) ziah a ni. He thuziak hian Chinese history a hmasawnna,
Chou ațanga Sung hun țantirh thleng a huam.
Tung-chien-chishi-penna : Yuan-chu chuan history bu
'Tung-chien-chishi-penna' a siam a. Hemi awmzia chu thil bulțanna leh khawvel a
nghawng dan sawina a ni.
Chinese te hian ramchanchin chuanna bu leh ram mipuite chanchin an ziak
nasa hle a, a chipchiar hle a ni. China mipui hian thuziak (inscription) tamtak
an nei.
Tunlai huna Chinese nunphung chu mipui rorelna (Communist) in a chiah
hneh tawh a, ram ei leh bar te, loneitute dinhmun te, hna hahthlak thawk mite,
mipuite khawsak dan phung chu phurna thar nen hailan a ni ta zel a. Hemi
kawngah hian Chinese ho hian history ziahna kawngah hna ropui tak an thawk mek
zel a ni.
Reference
:-
Ø Jayapalan.N
"Historiographg" . Atlantic publishers and distributors, New Delhi,
2013.
Ø Bentley Michael
"Companion to Historiography". Routledge publishers.
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