PRIMARY
SOURCES
Primary sources are original
materials that have not been altered or distorted in any way.Information for
which the writer has no personal knowledge is not primary, although it may be
used by historians in the absence of a primary source. In the study of history
as an academic discipline, a primary source (also called original source or
evidence) is an artifact, a document, a recording, or other source of
information that was created at the time under study. It serves as an original
source of information about the topic.
Similar definitions are used in
library science, and other areas of scholarship, although different fields have
somewhat different definitions. In journalism, a primary source can be a person
with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document written by such a person.
Primary sources are distinguished
from secondary sources, which cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources.
Generally, accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight are
secondary.A secondary source may also be a primary source depending on how it
is used. For example a memoir would be considered a primary source in research
concerning its author or about his or her friends characterized within it, but
the same memoir would be a secondary source if it were used to examine the
culture in which its author lived. "Primary" and
"secondary" should be understood as relative terms, with sources
categorized according to specific historical contexts and what is being
studied.
In scientific literature, a primary
source is the original publication of a scientist's new data, results and
theories. In political history, primary sources are documents such as official
reports, speeches, pamphletsIn the history of ideas or intellectual history,
the main primary sources are books, essays and letters written by
intellectuals.
•
"The definition of a primary
source varies depending upon the academic discipline and the context in which
it is used.
•
In the humanities, a primary source
could be defined as something that was created either during the time period
being studied or afterward by individuals reflecting on their involvement in
the events of that time.
•
In the social sciences, the
definition of a primary source would be expanded to include numerical data that
has been gathered to analyze relationships between people, events, and their
environment.
•
In the natural sciences, a primary
source could be defined as a report of original findings or ideas. These
sources often appear in the form of research articles with sections on methods
and results."
History as an academic discipline is
based on primary sources, as evaluated by the community of scholars, who report
their findings in books, articles and papers. Arthur Marwick says "Primary
sources are absolutely fundamental to history." Ideally, a historian will
use all available primary sources that were created by the people involved at
the time being studied. In practice some sources have been destroyed only
eyewitness reports of an event may be memoirs, autobiographies, or oral interviews
taken years later. Sometimes the only evidence relating to an event or person
in the distant past was written or copied decades or centuries later.
Manuscripts that are sources for classical texts can be copies of documents.
SECONDARY
SOURCES
In scholarship, a secondary source
is a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally
presented elsewhere. A secondary source contrasts with a primary source, which
is an original source of the information being discussed; a primary source can
be a person with direct knowledge of a situation, or a document created by such
a person.
Secondary sources involve
generalization, analysis, synthesis, interpretation, or evaluation of the
original information. Primary and secondary are relative terms, and some
sources may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how it is used.
An even higher level, the tertiary source, such as an encyclopedia or
dictionary, resembles a secondary source in that it contains analysis, but
attempts to provide a broad introductory overview of a topic.
Many sources can be considered
either primary or secondary, depending on the context in which they are used.
Moreover, the distinction between primary and secondary sources is subjective
and contextual, so that precise definitions are difficult to make.For example,
if a historical text discusses old documents to derive a new historical
conclusion, it is considered to be a primary source for the new conclusion, but
a secondary source of information found in the old documents.
Whether a source is regarded as
primary or secondary in a given context may change, depending upon the present
state of knowledge within the field. For example, if a document refers to the
contents of a previous but undiscovered letter, that document may be considered
"primary", since it is the closest known thing to an original source,
but if the letter is later found, it may then be considered
"secondary".
Primary
source
Primary
source chu hmanrua original engtin maha la tihdanglam loh emaw khawih danglam
loh tihna a ni. A ziak tupa ina mimal ngaihdan a neihlohna information chu
primary a ni lo a , nimahsela historian chuan primary source a awm lohin a
hmang thin tho a ni. Academic discipline atanga history kan zir dan chuan primary source chu thil dik tak,
document emaw, thil record emaw, a hunlaia mite ngei ina information min
hnutchhiah te hi ani, primary source chu kan duh topic atan a original
information kan neihna hnar hi a ni kan ti thei awm e.
Primary
source te hi secondary source atanga thlei hran a ni a. Atlangpui thu in, thil
dik tak ziah chhawn leh a ziak chhawngtu ina hamthatna a neih ang chi hi
secondary source chu a ni a. A hman dan a zirin secondary source hi primary
source ani thei bawk a ni. Entirnan:-
miin a chanchin emaw a thiante nungchang research atana a ziah chu
primary source a ni a, nimahsela a ziaktu culture zirchianna/sawifiahna a nih
chuan secondary source a ni. Primary leh secondary source te hi a inkungkaih
tlat thung a ni.
Primary
source te hi a hmanna a zirin chi hrang hrang a then an ni a:-
•
Thu le hla lamah chuan, thil a
hunlaia mite ngei ina an siam emaw mi midang hnena va awm ve ngeiina a siamte
hi primary souce a ni a.
•
Social sciences a chuan, primary
source chu mihringte chu an chhehvela thilte nena an inlaichin dan huapzo/ ko
khawm thei turin a zauh hret thung a ni.
•
Natural sciences- ah chuan primary source chu
ngaihdan le thil original an hnuhchhiah
te hi ani.
History
hi scholars te thil hmuchhuah, lekhabu te, articles leh papers ah te a in nghat
a . Arthur Marwich a chuan, “primary source hi history innghahna bulpui ber a
ni”, a ti a. A nihna takah chuan, historian chuan primary source an zir hunlaia
ziah zawng zawng chu a hmang vek tur a ni a. Source then khat chu tih chhiat
tawh emaw, autobiography emaw, kum tam tak kal ta a interview te pawh ani thei
vek a ni.
Secondary
source
Zirchianna
lamah chuan secondary source chu document emaw, thil record emaw chutiang lam
pang information original khawia mi pawh hi a huam vek a. Secondary leh primary
source te khaihkhin nan chuan, information sawiho tawh hnu hi secondary kan ti
mai ang a, primary source chu document emaw information a hunlaia mi ngei ina a
siam hi ani.
Secondary
source chuan, original information analyse, synthesis, emaw interprete ang chi
te hi a huam vek a. Primary leh secondary
source hi thil inkungkaih tlat an ni a, source thenkhat chu a hmanna a
zirin primary leh secondary source ah te then a ni thin a, chulo pawh tertiary
source a awm leh a , chu erawh chu encyclopedia emaw dictionary te a huam leh
thung a ni.
Sources
tam tak chu a thu leh a hmanna a zirin primary leh secondary source ah te then
a ni thin a. Subjective leh contextual a thliar mai an nih avangin a definition
chiah hi sawi a har hle a ni. Entirnan:- document hlui tawh tak historical
conclusion siamthat hnu chhuah nana discuss a nih chuan primary source a ni a
mahse document hlui ah chuan secondary source of information hmuhchhuah a ni leh
thung a ni.
Kan
awmna hmun a zirin source thenkhat chu primary leh secondary a then a ni thin
a. Entirnan:- letter hun rei tak hmuchhuah loha awm chu primary source a ni a,
nimahsela a hnu daiha hmuchhuah a nih chuan secondary source a ngaih a ni.
Reference:-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary
source
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary
source
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