From the earliest time,the chinese have shown a marked inclination to historical writing.the nature of historical works also represent wide ranging interest.many works have been written by the chinese on different aspect of government,machinery,
Although the oldest surviving histories-those compiled in the classic of history-seem to date back only to the rise of zhou.the recording of chinese history dates back to the shang dynasty,the spring and autumn annals.the official chronicles of the states of ‘lu’ covering the period from 722 to 481 BCE,is among the earliest surviving chinese historical text to be arranged as an annal.The compilation of both is traditionally ascribed to confucius.The first systematic chinese historical texts,the records of the Grand historian was written by Sima Qian and his Father. The book covers the period from the time of yellow empire until the author’s own life.Sima Qian is often regarded as the father of chinese Historiography.
The shitong was the first chinese work about Historiography.it was compiled by Liu Zhiji between 708 and 710 CE.Thw book describe the general pattern of the official dynastic histories with regard to the structure,method,arrangment,
*Li-Chi,The book of rites; In this book,the historian views of the of the past are expreesd in the most exalted terms.It contains many essays.This work was cmpiled during The Han Dynasty 202 BC to 220 AD.The ideal of a social order wherein people lived in’Grand Unity’ is described in many lucid passages. In this connection the early conception of histrory revealing social order with noble elements deserves to be noted.
*Ssu-Ma-Chien; In the reign of Wu-Ti,ssu-ma-chien the general among the chinese historians wrote his great history called the ‘Shih-Chi’ which mean ‘Historical records’.Ssu-ma- chien was born in 145 BC.The shih-chi covers the history of china from the beginning of ssu-ma- chien’s own day.It includes not only significant political events but gives the biographies of important persons;chronological tables of battles,economic data,the calendar and so forth.
*The Tso-chuan; It is another kind of history.it is the form of a chronicle and events are listed year by year.The most reputed among such chronicle was the ‘Tyu-Chih-Tung-Chien’ by ssu-ma-kuang (1019-1086).This chronicle covered the history of chinese development from late in the Chou to beginning of the Sung period.this work illustrates the historical mindedness of the sung dynasty in a remarkable way.
*Tung-Chien-Chishipenna; Yuan-Chu prepared a history called ‘Tung-Chien-Chishipenna’ which means “root causes and effects of affairs recorded in the universal mirror’.There are many special histories on different aspects of chinese life.The chinese have produced alarge volume of local histories and gazetters.they are very statistical geography of china.China has alarge volume of inscription.These have been compiled and studied.They have also produced encyclopedia and anthologies which contain alarge fund of historical material.
The modern historical tradition of china is influenced by communist ideology.Economic analysis,condition of the peasant,toilers and workers,the living conditions of the masses,have all been assiduously unearthed under the new inspiration.In this way the chinese have done a wonderful thing in the study of historiography.
CHINESE HISTORIOGRAPHY
Hun hmasa lamah chuan Chinese ho chuan historical suk thlek zawng zawng te an pholang a.chungte chu chinese tawng vek a ziak niin,sawrkar hnathawh dan kalphung leh puithiam ho kal dan phung te a tarlang a ni.
Chinese history record a ‘Lu’ chu awmze nei tak a ziah niin,chumi chuan BC 722 atanga 481 BC thleng ahuama,Chinese history awmze nei tak leh kim tak a ziak hmasa tu te chu Sima Qian leh apa anni a.chu lehkha bu chuan yellow empire atanga a ziak tu te dam hun chhung thleng a huam ani.Historiography lam a chinese work hmasa ber chu Shitong ani a,chu lehkhabu chu Liu Zhiji in 708 leh 710 CE vela a lak khawm ani a,he lehkhabu hian lal chhungkua kalphung,an inzah dan,inthliar dan,lal indawt dan te,an chanchin te a sawi fiah ani.Scholars ho 1065 khan china history zawng zawng an lawrkhawm a,thuziak ah chuan thil hrang hrang 294 a awm a,thuziak maktaduai 3 leh 403 BCE atang a 959 CE thleng a history felfai takin a chuang a ni.
Li-Chi; He lehkhabu ah hian historian ten thil kal tawh an ngaihdan in ziahna ani deuh ber a,thuziak a chanchin sawina chi hrang hrang a awm.heng thuziak te hi Han dynasty hunlai a lawrkhawm anni a,heng hunlai mite hi an inpumkhat zia te an khawsak dan kal hmang te a tarlang bawk a ni.
Ssu-ma-Chien; Wuti lal hunlai khan Ssu-Ma-Chien, chinese historian ropui tak chuan ‘Shih-Chi’ tih alo ziak a,chu chu ‘vawn that/dah that’ tih na ani.Ssu-ma-chien chu BC 145 ah apiang a.Shih-chi chuan Ssu-ma-Chien hunlai a huam a,politics lam chauh nilo in mi pawimawh bik chanchin te,indonna chi hrang hrang,a kum indawt dan te,ram in relbawl dan te,hun leh ni chhiar dan chanchin te,a sawi lang vek a ni.
The Tso-Chuan;He lehkhabu ah hian hun lo kal zel a thil lo thleng chhinchhiahna te leh kum te te a chhinchhiahna a awm a,alangsar ber chu Ssu- ma- Kuang ziah Tyu-Chih-Tung-Chien ani.Hei hian Chou atang a sung hun lai thleng chanchin ahuam ani.He thuziak hian chinese history a hmasawnna,an chanchin,an inenkawl dante atarlang a ni.
Tung-Chien-Chishipenna; Tung-Chien-Chishipenna chu thil bul tanna/achhan leh khawvel mite hnenah nghawng aneih dan sawina leh tih lan a chhiahna ani a,he lehkhabu hi Yuan-Chu siam ani a.chinese ho chuan ram chhung ah ram mipui te chanchin leh ram chanchin ziahna te an siam a,heng a tang hian an chanchin leh an nun phung chipchiar tak in a hriattheih a,asawi fiah hle bawk ani.china ah chuan thuziak tam tak a awm a,thil chanchin tam tak chuanna te,thu ziak lawrkhawm te a lo awm a, chung te chu china history kan hriat theihna hnar alo ni.
Tunlai hun a chinese nunphung leh kalphung chu mipui rorel na,inrel bawlna kawng a suk thlek neih na ten a thunun in a chiah hneh tawh hle a,inrel bawlna thu ah te,ei leh bar te,lo nei mi te,thawkrim te,mipui te khawsak dan te,an taimak zia te chu hailan thar ani ta zel a.Heng kawngah hian chinese ho cu history ziahna kawngah hna ropui tak an thawk mek zel ani tih kan hre thei a ni.
* References:
1). Historiographyby N.Jayapala, Published by Atlantic publishers & distributors,7/22,Ansari Road,Darya Ganj.
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